Grass-valley UniConfi NVISION Series v.2.0 Manuel d'utilisateur

UniCon gNVISION Series Router Con guration Utility v12.0.0User’s GuideUG0022-0430 Jan 2013

xTable of Contents17 Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Using the Logs Window .

90Connections WindowSetting Connection Window OptionsSetting Connection Window OptionsWhen you have the ‘Connections’ window open, the ‘Actions’ menu

91UniConfigUser’s GuideAutomatic Increment and Decrement after TakesThese 4 options apply to the input and the output fields in the ‘Single Take’ sect

92Connections WindowSetting Connection Window OptionsBroadcast mode allows you to perform broadcast takes in the ‘Configuration’ window. See Broadcast

93UniConfigUser’s GuideSalvo TabThere are two check box options in this tab: The two salvo options also appear in the context menu, providing a short

94Connections WindowViewing Diagnostic Crosspoint DataViewing Diagnostic Crosspoint DataThe ‘Connections’ window displays either XY/standard (video or

95UniConfigUser’s GuideIf you are viewing the crosspoints of a video router (or the NV8500), only the ‘X-Y/Standard’ tab appears. If you are viewing t

96Connections WindowPerforming Takes6 To perform multiple takes, either choose a command from the ‘Action’ menu or right-click anywhere in the crosspo

97UniConfigUser’s GuideHow to Perform Machine Control Takes(The takes described here are performed in the ‘Connections’ window, not at an NV9000 contr

98Connections WindowPerforming TakesThis is an example: Here, 2 entries in the list change. Because this is a reverse take, port 7 is “controlled” and

99UniConfigUser’s Guide3 In the ‘Single Take’ section, enter an input number and the output number of the next out-put. Click ‘Execute’. In our exampl

1PrefaceChapter 1 provides an introduction to the UniConfig User’s Guide. TopicsChapter Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100Connections WindowPerforming TakesThis is an example: Here, 2 entries in the list change. Because this is a data XY take, the route to output 7 is

101UniConfigUser’s GuideSpecial TakesUse the ‘Actions’ menu or the context menu to have access to additional commands: In all case, the takes affect t

102Connections WindowSpecial TakesRange TakesWhen you choose the ‘Range Take’ command, a dialog appears: Specify the range of outputs that will be aff

103UniConfigUser’s GuideChop TakesWhen you choose the ‘Chop Take’ command, a dialog appears: A “chop” switches one input to another input, and back ag

104Connections WindowSpecial Takes3 Enter a “follows” number and an output number in the ‘Single Take’ section and click ‘Exe-cute’: Here, output 4 fo

105UniConfigUser’s Guide3 Choose the ‘Diagonal Take . . .’ command from the ‘Actions’ menu or choose ‘Execute Diago-nal Take’ from the context menu: E

106Connections WindowSpecial Takes

107EC9535Chapter 11 discusses the EC9535 GSC Node Bus Converter. TopicsSetting Up EC9535 Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108EC9535Setting Up EC9535 CommunicationSetting Up EC9535 CommunicationThe control cards of the EC9535 can communicate with UniConfig either through d

109UniConfigUser’s GuideFollow these steps:1 From the ‘Window’ menu, choose ‘Router Serial Configuration’. The ‘Router Serial Configura-tion’ window a

2PrefaceThe PDF DocumentThe PDF Document This guide is provided in PDF format, allowing you to use Acrobat’s “bookmarks” to navigate to any desired lo

110EC9535Setting Up EC9535 PartitionsHow to Set Up Partitions for an EC95351 Select a control card. 2 From the ‘Window’ menu, choose ‘Configuration’.

111UniConfigUser’s GuideSetting Up EC9535 Switch PointsA “switch point” is a point in time in which an output is switched from the current source to a

112EC9535Setting Up EC9535 Switch Points3 In the ‘Output Range’ section, enter a ‘Start’ number of ‘1’ and an ‘End’ number of ‘1024’ and click Read Ou

113UniConfigUser’s Guide7Click Apply Changes to Selected Outputs, or, in the ‘Edit’ menu, click ‘Apply Changes’ to apply your changes to the selected

114EC9535Setting Up EC9535 Switch Points

115NV8500 MonitorsChapter 12 Discusses input and output monitors for the NV8500 family routers and how UniConfig can be used to configure them. Topic

116NV8500 MonitorsUniConfig SettingsUniConfig SettingsSo that control panel operators and UniConfig users can access and control monitor signals, you

117UniConfigUser’s Guide5 Enter values for inputs and outputs for the level in the following fields. For control cards having application version 13.0

118NV8500 MonitorsUsing the Monitor Level

119LocksChapter 13 provides information about locks. Under NV9000 family router control systems, router sources and destinations can be locked or pro

3IntroductionChapter 2 provides a brief functional description of UniConfig. TopicsProduct Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120LocksHow to Remove Locks

121SalvosChapter 14 discusses salvos. TopicsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122SalvosIntroductionWhen salvos are enabled, the ‘Connections’ window has an additional salvo pane: If you check the ‘Send All Reads to the Salvo Win

123UniConfigUser’s GuideThese are the commands: • Open existing salvo . . . This command produces a dialog in which you can browse your PC’s file syst

124SalvosCreating a SalvoCreating a SalvoYou can create a salvo by opening a salvo pane in the ‘Connections’ window. Follow these steps: How to Create

125UniConfigUser’s GuideCheck ‘Send all reads to Salvo Window’ to have cause the ‘Connections’ window to display data that are the result of a read or

126SalvosBuilding a SalvoAdding Individual TakesYou can append individual takes to the salvo using the ‘Add Single Take’ command of the ‘Actions’ menu

127UniConfigUser’s Guide5Click Modify. The take you selected is modified accordingly, in its place in the salvo. Both the input and the output of the

128SalvosSalvo ManagementClearing a SalvoYou can clear the current salvo. Clearing means removing all the takes from the salvo. How to Clear a SalvoTh

129FirmwareChapter 15 discusses control card firmware. TopicsViewing Control Card Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4IntroductionSupported RoutersUtilitiesUniConfig can be used to perform a variety of utility functions, such as running diagnostics or viewing system

130FirmwareViewing Control Card FirmwareHow to View the Software List Using the ‘Basic’ Setting1 Select a control card. 2 From the ‘Window’ menu, choo

131UniConfigUser’s GuideThe ‘Configuration’ window displays full descriptions in the ‘Description’ column in the ‘Soft-ware Versions’ section: To view

132FirmwareUploading a Firmware FileUploading a Firmware FileFirmware is saved in flash memory on the control card. How to Upload New Firmware1 Select

133UniConfigUser’s Guide5 From the ‘Window’ menu, choose ‘Flash Memory’. The ‘Flash Memory’ window appears: 6 In the row corresponding to the firmware

134FirmwareUsing Flash Configuration Files

135System StatusChapter 16 discusses the ‘System Status’ window. Viewing System StatusUniConfig’s ‘System Status’ window displays the state of the ro

136System StatusPerforming System TasksPerforming System TasksWhen the ‘System Status’ window is active, the ‘Actions’ menu provides several commands.

137UniConfigUser’s GuideSystem > Recall Last Serial EE Write StatusThis is a diagnostic command. Choose this command to display the ‘Serial EE Writ

138System StatusPerforming System Tasks

139LogsChapter 17 discusses UniConfig’s ‘Logs’ window and its log files. Using the Logs WindowA ‘Logs’ window is present when UniConfig is communicat

5UniConfig BasicsChapter 3 describes the UniConfig windows and menus. TopicsThe UniConfig Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140LogsUsing the Logs WindowLogging ModesYou can set the logging levels for several components of the router. Click the ‘Set Log Modes’ button to set

141UniConfigUser’s GuideOperationsWhen you open the ‘Logs’ window, it is initially empty. Click the ‘Read Logs’ button to cause UniConfig to display t

142LogsUsing the Logs Window

143Technical DetailsChapter 18 provides supplementary, but important, information about NVISION series routers and router architecture. Also provided

144Technical DetailsRouter ExpansionNV7256-PlusThe NV7256-Plus can be configured with 1, 2, 3, or 4 frames and its maximal matrix grows linearly with

145UniConfigUser’s GuideNV8256-PlusThe NV8256-Plus can be configured with 1, 2, 3, or 4 frames and its maximal matrix grows linearly with the number o

146Technical DetailsConnectorsConnectorsThe following table shows the pinout for the DE9 connectors (RS-232) at the front of EM0374 control cards:The

147UniConfigUser’s GuideIn NV9000-SE Utilities1 Define the audio router and its two physical levels so that they match UniConfig: (In this NV9000 conf

148Technical DetailsMono and Stereo Configuration Methods3 Create level sets: one for stereo and one for mono: The level sets includes the video level

149UniConfigUser’s GuideBecause we are defining input devices, we must uncheck both output check boxes and ignore the other columns labeled ‘Output’.

6UniConfig BasicsThe UniConfig InterfaceThe UniConfig window is divided into sections. At the top is a menu bar providing 5 or more menus. The number

150Technical DetailsMono and Stereo Configuration Methods5 Create devices for the mono level set. Here we create 4 sets of mono devices: left input, l

151UniConfigUser’s GuideComplete the settings in this page and click ‘Next’ at the bottom of the window. The third and final window appears, in which

152Technical DetailsMono and Stereo Configuration Methods(The device names for both level sets should be similar so that operators can choose the righ

153UniConfigUser’s GuideIn NV9000-SE Utilities1 Define the audio router and its physical level so that it matches UniConfig: (In this NV9000 configura

154Technical DetailsMono and Stereo Configuration Methods3 Create a level set for stereo: The level set includes the video level. The “stereo level se

155UniConfigUser’s GuideFor stereo, the “left” inputs will start at 1 and the “right” inputs will start at 2. Both levels increment by 2 (because each

156Technical DetailsMono and Stereo Configuration Methods

157Glossary3Gig Video at 2.97 or 2.967 Gbps. In Miranda routers, 3Gig cards support HD and SD signals as well. Video at 3Gig conforms to SMPTE standa

158GlossaryDSP Digital signal processing. A DSP sub-module that can be installed on the NV7512 router crosspoint card. The DSP sub-module enables gain

159UniConfigUser’s GuidePhysical Level A physical level is a partition (i.e., a region) of a router’s switching matrix (or crosspoint matrix). Often t

7UniConfigUser’s GuideCommunications MenuThe ‘Communications’ menu governs the two modes in which you can communicate with a router’s control card: If

160GlossarySystem ControllerThe name given to an NV9000, an NV915, or NV920. An NV9000 router control system includes one or more system controllers.

1610–93Gigdefined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157AAcrobat usagebookmarks . . . . . . . . . .

162IndexConfigurationCopying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . .

163UniConfigUser’s GuideIInitial setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Inputs and outputs, view

164IndexProducts supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165UniConfigUser’s GuideTechnical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Telephone numbers . . . . . . . .

166Index

167Contact UsMiranda Technical SupportFor technical assistance, please contact the Miranda Technical Support center nearest you:Corporate Head Office

8UniConfig BasicsThe UniConfig InterfaceYou can also specify — using the check box — whether UniConfig will log communications messages. Set Router Ty

9UniConfigUser’s GuideHowever, when a ‘Connections’ window is active, the ‘Options’ command presents this ‘Connec-tion Options’ dialog: See Chapter 10

iiUniConfig v12.0.0Copyright © 2013 by Miranda TechnologiesAll rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, mic

10UniConfig BasicsThe UniConfig InterfaceWindow MenuThe ‘Window’ menu has commands in 3 sections: The first section, at the top, includes 3 commands t

11UniConfigUser’s GuideThe ‘Obtaining Technical Support . . .’ command displays a list of Miranda’s technical support addresses, telephone numbers, an

12UniConfig BasicsWorking With UniConfig WindowsWorking With UniConfig Windows By default, when UniConfig launches, all windows are opened and minimiz

13UniConfigUser’s GuideHow to Add Entries to the Control Card Pane1 Right-click the root entry (“Control Cards”) in the control card pane: A context m

14UniConfig BasicsWorking With UniConfig WindowsHow to Modify Entries in the Control Card Pane1 Right-click an entry in the control card pane: A conte

15UniConfigUser’s GuideConfiguration OptionsAutomatic RefreshUnder automatic refresh, whenever you select a control card, UniConfig automatically upda

16UniConfig BasicsConfiguration Options4 From the ‘Tools’ menu, choose ‘Options’. The ‘Configuration Options’ dialog appears: 5 Check the ‘Show advanc

17UniConfigUser’s GuideApplying Either Current Changes or All SettingsWhen you are making changes to configurations, you can choose (1) to have only t

18UniConfig BasicsConfiguration Options

19Configuration BasicsChapter 4 discusses basic configuration tasks, including launching UniConfig, selecting a control card, viewing data, and writi

iiiUniConfigUser’s Guideinterference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.Declaration of Conformance

20Configuration BasicsLaunching UniConfigLaunching UniConfigHow to Launch UniConfig Select ‘Programs > NVISION > UniConfig’ from the Windows ‘St

21UniConfigUser’s Guide• EM0529 — The NV8288 and the NV8288-Plus use this control card. Connect to the rear diag-nostic port of the router frame. Ther

22Configuration BasicsWriting Changes to the Control CardWriting Changes to the Control CardUniConfig does not save any changes in your PC’s file syst

23UniConfigUser’s GuideUSB-to-Serial AdaptersOlder PCs have one or more DE9 COM ports. Newer PCs do not have them. You can obtain a USB-to-serial conv

24Configuration BasicsNetwork BasicsClick the ‘Device Manager’ button. The ‘Device Manager’ window opens: 2 Locate, and expand, the ‘Ports (COM &

25UniConfigUser’s Guideand its subnet mask is typically 255.255.255.000. That mask means that 24 bits are used for the subnet and 8 bits are used for

26Configuration BasicsNetwork Basics

27InstallationChapter 5 provides installation instructions. TopicsPreparing for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28InstallationInstalling UniConfigInstalling UniConfigUniConfig is available on Miranda GVD’s Software and Documentation CD (SB0033-xx). You can obtai

29UniConfigUser’s Guide4 Click ‘Install UniConfig’. You will see a warning message: You may safely disregard the warning. Click ‘Run’ to proceed.5 The

iv

30InstallationInstalling UniConfig

31CommunicationChapter 6 discusses how UniConfig communicates with routers. TopicsCommunicating with a Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32CommunicationCommunicating with a RouterFront Serial Connection (Front serial connections apply only to routers with EM0374 control cards.)Make a co

33UniConfigUser’s GuideHow to Make a Rear Serial Connection1 Locate the permanent serial ports on the rear of the router, as shown in Figure 6-2. On t

34CommunicationSerial and Ethernet SettingsSerial and Ethernet Settings Changing UniConfig’s Serial Communication Parameters1 From the ‘Communications

35UniConfigUser’s GuideChanging the Control Card’s Serial Communication Parameters1 Select a control card. In Ethernet mode, use the control card pane

36CommunicationSerial and Ethernet SettingsChanging the Control Card’s IP Address1 Select a control card. In Ethernet mode, use the control card pane

37UniConfigUser’s Guide6 Click OK to dismiss the message. Then UniConfig asks permission to reset the control card. Click Ye s if you want to reset th

38CommunicationCommunications OptionsAdvanced Ethernet Communication SettingsIf your routers are on an Ethernet network, you can create a gateway to o

39UniConfigUser’s GuideDisabling an Ethernet PortIt is possible to disable the Ethernet port of a control card. S If you do disable a control card’s E

v1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter Structure . . . . . . . . . . .

40CommunicationReading and Writing Control Card ConfigurationsWriting a Control Card’s ConfigurationThe reason to write a configuration to a control c

41Partitions and Signal TypesChapter 7 provides an introduction to the UniConfig User’s Guide. TopicsAbout Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42Partitions and Signal TypesConfiguration WindowConfiguration WindowIt is in the ‘Configuration’ window that you specify the partitions of a router.

43UniConfigUser’s GuideThe page for the NV5128 lacks an expansion settings region but has a button with which to select either partitions 1–4 or parti

44Partitions and Signal TypesPartition TypesRead All and Write AllAt the bottom of the ‘Configuration’ window are two buttons: Read All and Write All.

45UniConfigUser’s Guide(Control panel operators can use these levels, even though they are not part of the crosspoint matrix.)Monitor “Partition”All r

46Partitions and Signal TypesPartition TypesVideo • Video [NV5128 only]Analog (NTSC, PAL) or digital (SD, HD) video. (The term SWB represents I/O card

47UniConfigUser’s GuideReference SignalsA partition’s signal type determines the switching “rules” that the control card uses to make routes. Signal t

48Partitions and Signal TypesSetting Up PartitionsAll NVISION series router frames can act as standalone routers. The NV5256, NV7256-Plus, NV7512, NV8

49UniConfigUser’s GuideIf the control card is for an expanded (or expandable) router, the router frame can be con-nected to an identical router frame

viTable of ContentsViewing Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50Partitions and Signal TypesSetting Up PartitionsExpanded Routers — Multiple Frames NV5256, NV7256-Plus, NV7512, NV8256-Plus, NV8288-Plus and NV8576-

51UniConfigUser’s Guideslave frames. (The master frame is also the frame that communicates with the router control system.)When you click ‘Main - Expa

52Partitions and Signal TypesSetting Up PartitionsHow to Set Up Partitions for Slave Router Frames Partition data for slave frames cannot be configure

53UniConfigUser’s GuideWhen you click ‘Slave - Expanded‘, additional fields appear in the ‘Expansion Configuration’ section: Fig. 7-8: Expansion Secti

54Partitions and Signal TypesMono v. Stereo AudioMono v. Stereo AudioMost NVISION series routers that switch audio can switch the audio as stereo pair

55UniConfigUser’s GuideMethod 1 (under NV9000)Problem: how do you configure an input or output to be both stereo and mono?Solution: In UniConfig, crea

56Partitions and Signal TypesDefining a ‘Monitor’ LevelDefining a ‘Monitor’ LevelUniConfig supports output monitoring for the NV7256, NV7512, NV8256,

57UniConfigUser’s GuideNV7256, NV7512, NV8256, NV8288S Output monitoring was never implemented in the NV7256 and NV7512. Create a monitor level this w

58Partitions and Signal TypesDefining an ‘Output Follow’ LevelYou place a range of outputs that can be followed in the input columns. You place a rang

59UniConfigUser’s GuideIn NV9000-SE Utilities, there is not “output follow” virtual level type. You’ll need to define a phys-ical level of the same ty

viiUniConfigUser’s GuideSetting Up Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60Partitions and Signal TypesDefining an ‘Output Follow’ Level

61Switch Point SettingsChapter 8 discusses UniConfig’s ‘Switch Point Setup’ Window. TopicsBackground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62Switch Point SettingsThe Switch Point Setup WindowThe Switch Point Setup WindowThis is the ‘Switch Point Setup’ window, showing dual reference: Spec

63UniConfigUser’s GuideAbout Video Signal Fields and FramesAn interlaced video frame is composed of two fields, field 1 and field 2. For NTSC, each fr

64Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV5100MC or NV5128 Multi-Format Router 1 Select a control card (for an NV5100MC or NV5128). 2 From

65UniConfigUser’s Guide3 In the ‘Dual Video Reference Option’ section, choose ‘Redundant’ or ‘Dual’.‘Redundant’ — You declare that the router will use

66Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV7256 and NV7256-Plus Routers 1 Select a control card (for an NV7256 frame). 2 From the ‘Window’ m

67UniConfigUser’s Guide‘Dual’ — You declare that dual video references are in use. In this case, you can specify in step 5 which reference selected ou

68Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV7512 and NV7512-Plus Routers 1 Select a control card (for an NV7512 frame). 2 From the ‘Window’ m

69UniConfigUser’s Guide4 If you want to change any of the fields in the output list, select the outputs you want to change. Use standard Windows click

viiiTable of Contents10 Connections Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .

70Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV8256-Plus Routers 1 Select a control card (for an NV8256-Plus frame). 2 From the ‘Window’ menu, s

71UniConfigUser’s Guide4 In the ‘NTSC/PAL Reference Options’ section, you declare the type of reference signal for the reference connectors. Select th

72Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV8288 and NV8288-Plus Routers 1 Select a control card (for an NV8288 or NV8288-Plus frame). 2 From

73UniConfigUser’s Guide3 In the ‘Dual Video Reference Option’ section, choose ‘Redundant’ or ‘Dual’.‘Redundant’ — You declare that the router will use

74Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching ParametersNV8500 Family Standard Routers S Use MRC, not UniConfig, to configure NV8500 hybrid routers — those

75UniConfigUser’s Guide3 In the ‘Dual Video Reference Option’ section, choose ‘Redundant’ or ‘Dual’.‘Redundant’ — You declare that the router will use

76Switch Point SettingsSetting Switching Parameters

77Machine ControlChapter 9 discusses machine control routing, machine control port types, and using the ‘Connections’ window for machine control rout

78Machine ControlBackground InformationMachine control ports can be configured with the following port types. All of these are variants on controlling

79UniConfigUser’s Guide• Data X/YThe partition acts as if the machine control ports are standard I/O ports and not bidirectional and point-to-point. S

ixUniConfigUser’s Guide12 NV8500 Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Monitor Overview. . . . . . . .

80Machine ControlThe Port Configuration WindowThe Port Configuration WindowThis is the ‘Machine Control Port Setup’ window: Click Read to read the por

81UniConfigUser’s GuideSetting Up Machine Control PortsAs described earlier, machine control ports can be configured with the following types: Dynamic

82Machine ControlSetting Up Machine Control Ports5 In the port list, use standard Windows click, shift-click, and control-click techniques to select t

83Connections WindowChapter 10 discusses UniConfig’s ‘Connections’ window. TopicsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84Connections WindowIntroduction• Machine controlThis mode applies to routers that have machine control partitions. When the ‘Connections’ window show

85UniConfigUser’s GuideThe Connections WindowThis is a sample of the ‘Connections’ window for an NV8256: The NV8256 is a video router. For this router

86Connections WindowThe Connections WindowThe window’s fields might differ slightly for other routers. For example, the audio routers (NV7256 and NV75

87UniConfigUser’s GuideIf output follow takes have been enabled, the window enters “output follow” mode: This example shows an NV5128 router. All thre

88Connections WindowThe Connections WindowXY/Mono ViewIn the “X-Y/mono” view of the diagnostic crosspoint matrix, there are 8 columns:• Mono (input) —

89UniConfigUser’s Guide• LPR — the “lock, protect, release” status of the output. An L in the field indicates that the out-put in that row is locked.